The journey of a new drug from concept to market is intricate and rigorous. It starts with preclinical research, where scientists test the drug in the lab and in animal models. Once promising results are obtained, clinical trials commence in three phases to evaluate safety and efficacy in humans. Following successful trials, a detailed submission is made to regulatory agencies, which meticulously review all data before granting approval. This multi-step process ensures that only safe and effective medications reach the market, protecting patient health while advancing medical science.